The Mante people is a local native people group allegedly related to the Batak, Gayonese and Alas people, while the Lhan people is allegedly still related to the Semang people group who have migrated from the Malay Peninsula or the Indochina ( Champa and Burma). Īcehnese folklore has it that the earliest people of Aceh came from the indigenous tribes such as the Mante people and the Lhan people. The Chinese annals also claim that the local people were Buddhist. These sources also state that the average person wore cotton clothing while the ruling elite wore silk. Many scholars believe that P'o-lu was close to the what is now Banda Aceh.
The inscription reads: "People that inhabit the island of Sumatra called Acehnese, they are gentiles, very warlike people who fight with blowguns with which they shoot small poisoned arrows from this island of Sumatra hails sandalwood, benzoin, and much gold and silver, it is a very rich island."Ĭhinese and Indian sources from 500 CE and onward mention that there was a settlement in northernmost Sumatra (Aceh) which was called P'o-lu. The strategic position of Aceh in the northern tip of the Sumatra island for thousands of years has become a haven and inter-marriage of various people group, namely those that are in the sea trade route from the Middle East to China.Īnonymous 1540 Portuguese illustration from the Códice Casanatense, depicting Acehnese. Foreign ethnicity, especially Indians, as well as a small part of Arabs, Persians, Turks and Portuguese are also components of the Acehese people. The migration of the indigenous tribes, the Mantir people and the Lhan people ( Proto-Malay), as well as the Chams, Malays and Minangkabau people (Deutero-Malay) who arrived later, formed the pribumi dwellers of Aceh. They had already used fire and buried bodies with certain rituals. They mainly lived from seafood, especially various types of shellfish, as well as land animals such as pigs and rhinoceros. Īceh came to international attention as being the hardest-hit region of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake with 120,000 people dead.Īn Acehnese couple is seen with the man girded with a Rencong knife, circa 1939.Īrchaeological evidence of the earliest inhabitants of Aceh are from the Pleistocene age, where they lived in the west coast of Aceh ( Langsa and Aceh Tamiang Regency region) and they exhibited Australomelanesoid characteristics. Generally, the Acehnese people are regarded as strict adherents to the Islamic faith and also as militant fighters against the colonial conquest of the Portuguese Empire and the Dutch Empire. The golden era of Acehnese culture began in the 16th century, along with the rise of the Islamic Aceh Sultanate and later reaching its peak in the 17th century. They live in gampôngs, which combine to form districts known as mukims. Traditionally matrilocal, their social organisation is communal.
Traditionally, there have been many Acehnese agriculturists, metal-workers and weavers.
The estimated number of Acehnese ranges between 3,526,000 people and at least 4.2 million people They have been Muslims for several centuries and are generally considered the most conservative Muslim ethnic group in Indonesia with the implementation of Sharia law in their home province of Aceh. The Acehnese were at one time Hinduised, as evident from their traditions and the many Sanskrit words in their language. Their language, Acehnese, belongs to the Aceh–Chamic group of Malayo-Polynesian of the Austronesian language family. The Acehnese people are also referred to by other names such as Lam Muri, Lambri, Akhir, Achin, Asji, A-tse and Atse. The vast majority of the Acehnese people are Muslims. The area has a history of political struggle against the Dutch. The Acehnese (also written as Atjehnese and Achinese) are an ethnic group from Aceh, Indonesia on the northernmost tip of the island of Sumatra. Cham, Malays, Gayonese, Alas, Kluet, Singkil
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